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Questions & Answers

Q1

Describe the difference between an XML Sitemap and a HTML Sitemap. List the benefits and disadvantages of using each.

Difference between XML and HTML Sitemap

XML Sitemap:

  • XML is Exensible Markup Language
  • A markup languae that defines a set of rules for encoding documents ina format that is both human and machine readable.
  • It focuses on carrying information, it is primarily for search engines.
  • It is case-sensitive. The upser and lower cas needs to be kept in mind wihle coding.

HTML sitemap:

  • HTML is Hyperext Markup language.
  • A Standard markup language for creating wbe pages and web applilcatons.
  • It focuses on displying data, it is designed for users, providing a structued overview of a websites’ content.
  • It is not case-sensitive. Upper and lowwer case are of not much importance in HTML.

Benefits of Using XML and HTML Sitemap:

XML Sitemap:

  • It helps search engines discover and index all pages of website more efficienty.
  • It allows webmaster to specify the importance and update fequency of different pages, influencing search engine crawling behavior.
  • It can include addtinal information about each URL, like modification date and priority, aiding search engines in unserstanding the website structure

HTML Sitemap:

  • It provides website visitors with a structured overview of the site’s content, making it easier to navigate and discover the information
  • It helps to user to find content quickly .
  • It supports internal linking, interconnections of pages with in the website.
Q2

Evaluate three IDE’s (Integrated development environments) and provide a brief summary on the positive and negative aspects of each. Also, in your own words include how it would suit an entry level trainee code developer.

Visual Studio Code:

  • Compreshensive toolset: inculding code editor, debugger, compiler and more and easy to use for beginners.
  • Supports develoment of various platforms incuding Windows, macOS, and Linux.
  • It intergrates well with other Microsoft tools and services.

IntelliJ IDEA::

  • Intelligence coding assistance-advanced code analysis.
  • It allows users to tailer the IDE to their specific needs.
  • Strong support for Java development and available for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

XCode:

  • IT provides comprehensive toosl for building aspps for Apple’s platforms incuding IOS, MacOS, watchOS,a nd tvOS.
  • It offers excellent support for Swift, Applie’s programming language, making it easy to developt modern IOS and macOS apps.
  • Intergrated visual interface builders simplifies digning user itnerfaces for the Apple devices.
Q3

Provide a brief history on web browser development and the issues encountered by web developers, specifically, the adherence to web standards.

Early Browers(1990s):

  • The first Web browse-WworlWideaWebwas developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, later renamed as Nexus. It was text base browser.Ntscape Navigator was released in 1994 which became popular.

Browser Wars (late 1990s):

  • This period knows as browser Wars, rapid innovation in browers features took place.

Rise of Web Standars (Easyl 200s):

  • World Wide Web Conssortium (W3C) began developing web standards. HTML 4 CSS and JavaScript became the foundation for building websites.

Modersn browsers (2000 to Present):

  • New alternative browsers like Mozilla, Firefox, Google Chrome and Safria came to compete each other. They are focused on web standards, improved performance, and intruduced innovative features.

Web developers encountered verious issues as below;

  • Browser compatibility: Chanllengs to ensure websites work consitently acrros differnt browser and versions • Peformance: Challenges of balancing performance with funcitonality, especially resource constrained devices • Security: Protecting websites from cyber threats such as malware phishing and data breaches • Design: Challenges of creating websites suitable for cariious screen size and devices • Issues of managing code changes and versions using version control systems • Issues of mananging security policies for accessing resources form different origines
  • How the web standards solve this issue; Web standard provides a common set of rules and guidelines for browsers to follow, standards encourage to use efficient coding practices and performance optimizations ensuring websides load quickly and perform well on various devices which considers security, design, accessbilitity, version update and content issues.
Q4

What are website testing methodologies? Your answer MUST cover browser compatibility, and website functionality.
  • 1. Functional Testing: It includes the verification of each function of the websie works corretly as per specifications. They are test user interactions, forms, links, navigation, and other elements to ensure performance as expected.
  • 2. Compatibality Testing: This testng ensures the website functions correctly across different browers, devices and operating systems. Tools incules BrowerStack, device emulators, and brwser developer tools.
  • 3. Performance Testing: The objective of this testing are to evaluate the speed, responsiveness,a nd scalability of the website under various conditions. It has different approaches like to conduct load testing, stress testing, and speed testing. For instance, Google PageSpeed insights.
  • 4. Accessibility Testing: It ensures the wbwsite is accessible to users with disabilities and complies with accessibility standards. It includes different approaches like text for iamges, keyboard navigation and screen reader compatibility. Tools are Axe, screen readers and browsr extensions.
Q5

What are the endorsed requirements of accessibility for all NT Government webpages?
  • Providing text alternatives for non-tex content such as images, videos and the audio files
  • Ensure that all funcitonality of the website is operable through a keyboard interface.
  • Use sufficient color contrast between tex and background to ensure readability for user
  • Providing clear and descriptive headings and labels to help users navigate and understand the content.
  • Ensuring that content is perceivable and understandable by users with different disablilites, including screen reader users, user with congnitive disabilities, and uses with monto impairments.
  • Making sure that forms and interactive elements are accessible and easy to user for all users.
  • Regular testing and auditing websites for accessibility compliance, and addressing any identified issues promptly.
Q6

How do you think it’s best to organise all the assets used for a specific webpage? Think locally on your computer AND within the root folder of the website.
  • Create a Folder Structure: for example: html, CSS, images, js, fonts, print
  • Use Descriptive file name: For example: image.jpg, wepage.html
  • Optimize and Compress: We need to optimize and compress them to reduce file sizes and improve loading times.
  • Documentation: Include a README file in the root directory to provide information about the folder structure, asset usage, and any specific instructions for developers who my work on the project in the future.